Child Abuse And Child Discipline - 925 Words

One of the most controversial topics is the difference between child abuse and child discipline. Abuse is any action that intentionally harms or injures another person. Discipline is punishment that is intended to correct or train. Some parents do not see the harm in their form of discipline, but others may view it as abuse. It may not be the parent’s intention to harm their child but it is something that occurs. â€Å"In 2012, state agencies found an estimate 686,000 of child maltreatment.† .*(*Kids Count) Every year more than 3 million reports of child abuse are made in the United States involving more than 6 million children (a report can include multiple children). Child abuse is when a parent or caregiver, whether through an action or failing to act causes injury, death, or emotional harm to the child. A parent is responsible for disciplining their child, but some may have a tendency of using extreme measures. In my opinion, I think in certain cases mild physical punishment is acceptable. However, severe physical punishment should be avoided at all times, because this is not healthy for the child. Some parents do not know how to handle a child that is misbehaving, which is the reason abusive discipline occurs. There are instances when a child’s misbehavior can cause abuse to the parent. The parent will reach a level of anger that will provoke them to automatically slap or hit the child. In which case the parent believes physical force is an acceptable form of punishment.Show MoreRelatedIs It Child Abuse Or Discipline?1436 Words   |  6 PagesIs It Child Abuse or Discipline? Child abuse viewed in the form of discipline is a growing epidemic that affects both the child in the present and can also damage them emotionally or physically in the future. The line between child abuse and discipline may seem obvious to most people, but where is the line actually drawn? Child abuse is anything that emotionally or physically endangers/impairs a child’s well-being, whereas discipline is correcting a behavior in a manner that helps the child’s growthRead MoreIs Discipline A Child Abuse?969 Words   |  4 PagesIs Discipline Child Abuse? What does the word child abuse mean in your own words? Some people believe child abuse includes neglect, punishment, physical or emotional maltreatment. Child abuse is all over the world. Every day a child is either abused or neglected. Since the late 1900’s child abuse was commonly used in the United States (Gale). Now it is slowly coming to its ending point. Since 1992, only two states, Delaware and Oklahoma, have experienced consistent increases today. Is disciplineRead MoreParental Discipline And Child Abuse1809 Words   |  8 Pagespunishments as a child most likely became more disciplined earlier than everyone else and most likely still is. To be clear, the intended definition of punishments to be used is a penalization for committing an act that would be considered unacceptable in the eyes of the parent i.e. swearing, fighting, being disrespectful, etc. This is also known as parental discipline. Although it may not seem like it there is a clear boundary separating parental discipline from child abuse. Parental discipline is intendedRead MorePosition Paper- Child Abuse and Discipline1181 Words   |  5 PagesPARENTAL DISCIPLINE AND ABUSE Parental discipline and child abuse are among the most controversial topics currently, and they cause serious problems for children in the United States. Child abuse essentially focuses on the child’s bad behaviors and gives the child emotional and physical harms. Forms of abuse include spanking, hitting, saying negative things and corporal punishment. In fact, parental discipline is a much more appropriate way of dealing with negative behavior than using abusiveRead MoreThe Difference Between Child Abuse And Discipline1200 Words   |  5 Pages Do you know the difference between child abuse and discipline? Child Abuse is when someone physically and mentally hurts another person. Discipline is teaching someone or something to do the right thing. Child Abuse is very common in the United States. Many children suffer from bruising, swelling skin, and broken bones. Situations like this happen because of problems at home or personal problems. Parents at home abuse their children because of drinking and depression issues. In this crazy worldRead MoreWhen Does Discipline Cross the Line to Child Abuse?1486 Words   |  6 PagesWhen Does Discipline Cross the Line to Child Abuse? In this report, I concentrated my research on the fine line between physical discipline and child abuse, with emphasis on spanking vs. not spanking and its effects on children. Included are research from statistics, opposing views and arguments, advocates’ and Department of Children and Families’ position. The use of corporal punishment, or spanking, as a form of parental discipline is a controversial topic. Adults who remember being spankingRead MorePhysical Discipline with Children1100 Words   |  4 PagesSpanking a child is not against the law in most places. However, parents who use it in their homes are being accused of child abuse. The Chicago Tribune published an article that urged readers to report child abuse when they become aware of it. In the article â€Å"Child abuse in plain View† the author describes spanking as a type of abuse that happens behind closed doors (â€Å"Child abuse in plain View†). Like most critics of corporal punishment, the author is trying to link spanking to abuse. The author`sRead MoreMy Speech On Childhood Discipline1177 Words   |  5 PagesTopic: Childhood Discipline General Purpose: To inform my audience what childhood discipline is and why it is important to discipline your child. Specific Purpose: To identify what childhood discipline really is and how you should discipline a child. Thesis: Good parenting consist of many element when parenting you have to be stern. Could discipline your child lead to a lifetime disrespect? Or could discipline lead to a promising future for your child. Introduction I. Spanking, Popping, and WhoopingRead MoreSpanking a Child and Child Abuse1076 Words   |  5 PagesSpanking a child is not against the law in most places. However, parents who use it in their homes are being accused of child abuse. The Chicago Tribune published an article that urged readers to report child abuse when they become aware of it. In the article â€Å"Child abuse in plain View† the author describes spanking as a type of abuse that happens behind closed doors (â€Å"Child abuse in plain View†). Like most critics of corporal punishment, the author is trying to link spanking to abuse. The author`sRead MoreDiscipline is Not Abuse Essay860 Words   |  4 Pagesgetting arrested for simply disciplining a child. But, in older times disciplining a child set good moral standards and taught that child on what that child was supposed to do and what not to do. There is a fine line between abuse and discipline. So what is child abuse? Child abuse consists of any act of commission or omission that endangers or impairs a child’s physical or emotional health and development. Child abuse includes any damage done to a child which cannot be reasonably explained and which

Ralph Waldo Emerson And His Impact On American Literature

2016 Ralph Waldo Emerson and his impact on American Literature Up until the 1800’s American Literature was mostly focused around the stories that told American History, and of poems that were written in America with a European writing style. No one ever wrote about the cultures in the Middle East or Asia. Instead it was focused around what had happened over here. However, an American author named Ralph Waldo Emerson would change what America wrote about. Influenced by western Culture Ralph Waldo Emerson was a striking author and speaker who impacted the Transcendentalist. Emerson was born on May 25, 1803 in Boston Massachusetts (Ralph, Waldo Emerson). He was the son of Ruth Haskins a strong Anglican, and William Emerson who was a strong liberal (The New Encyclopedia Britannica pg.473). On May 12 1811 William Emerson died of stomach cancer (Myerson). This left Ruth to care for her eight children with little money (Myerson). Luckily Ralph Emerson was able to attend Boston Latin School in 1812, and graduated in 1817 (Myerson). Right after he graduated from school, he went to Harvard at the age of fourteen (Ralph, Waldo Emerson). During this time, he started to keep a daily journal in 1820 (Myerson). This journal was one of the first writings he did in his life. A year later he graduated from Harvard, and started to teach at a young ladies school in 1822 (Myerson). In 1825, he went back to Harvard to study theology and divinity (Myerson). Later that year he became the ministerShow MoreRelated Ralph Waldo Emerson Essay1326 Words   |  6 PagesRalph Waldo Emerson Ralph Waldo Emerson was born on May 25, 1803 in Boston, Massachusetts. Early in his life, Emerson followed in the footsteps of his father and became minister, but this ended in 1832 when he felt he could no longer serve as a minister in good conscience. He experienced doubts about the Christian church and its doctrine. These reservations were temporarily alleviated by his brief association with Unitarianism, but soon Emerson became discontent with even their decidedlyRead MoreEssay on The Influence of Ralph Waldo Emerson995 Words   |  4 PagesChris Schlegel 6/18/08 English 245 American Literature I Dr. Calendar Primary Source Paper The Influence of Ralph Waldo Emerson Ralph Waldo Emerson is considered by many as one of the most respected and widely known authors in the history of American literature. From his famous book â€Å"Nature†, to his various essays, poems and lectures, Emerson’s collection of works maintain an authentic diverse style that separated him from other authors. The confidenceRead MoreThe Philosophy of Transcendentalism Essay1292 Words   |  6 Pagesnature and God while making the possibility of social change a reality. Ralph Waldo Emerson was the leading American transcendentalist whose theories were a primary influence in transcendentalist thought and writing. Through the knowledge and direction of Ralph Emerson, Nathaniel Hawthorne and Henry David Thoreau also became leading scholars of their time by means of their influence on early American intellectual history and literature. â€Å"Transcendentalists were influenced by romanticism, particularlyRead MoreRalph Waldo Emerson s Nature1364 Words   |  6 PagesRalph Waldo Emerson s Nature This paper discusses four literary elements in Ralph Waldo Emerson s work, entitled Nature. It is an essay that attempts to make people establish a deeper bond with nature and accept it for what it is. Men continually becomes busy with daily lives because of modern advancements and increasing number of endeavors. In the process, they tend to ignore nature and forget giving back to it by being ungrateful of its generosity. Various perspectives were discussed inRead More The American Renaissance Essay1168 Words   |  5 PagesThe American Renaissance period, circa 1876-1917, heralded a new sense of nationalism with a pride linking to a spirit akin to Greek democracy, the rule of Roman law, and a cultural and educational reform movement often referred to as Renaissance humanism. This American nationalism focused on the expression of modernism, technology, and academic classicism. Renaissance technological advancements include wire cables supporting the Brooklyn Bridge in the State of New York, along with cultural advancementsRead MoreTranscendentalism, Realism, Naturalism, And Existentialism- Shaped The Advancement Of American Literature1486 Words   |  6 Pagesshaped the advancement of American literature. They were considered to be theoretical and political philosophies which held important positions in the development of modern literature. The original authors, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Mark Twain, Lawrence Sargent Hall, and Jerome David Salinger, presented works inspiring new perspectives and social outlooks upon reality and it’s offerings. Through characterizing the progress of the philosophies, the development of American literature is explained. TranscendentalismRead MoreThe Emergence Of Self Concept1489 Words   |  6 PagesThe Emergence of Self Throughout our history the idea of self has developed and proved to be a dominant concept that Americans have come to understand. Not defined or found in lineage, religion, or history, the concept of self is defined by a collection of values. These values and principles are rooted in individualism, self-actualization, and self-reliance where people are able to fulfill their own destiny and believe in the promise that through ward work and determination life can be differentRead MoreWhat Do People Have Know About Ralph Waldo Emerson1424 Words   |  6 Pagesdo people already know about Ralph Waldo Emerson that has not been already researched? Regarding his place in the history of American Literature, he was a rather regarded man, especially in the beginning of the Transcendentalist movement of the mid-19th century. He is often described as â€Å"†¦the writer with whom numerous other significant writers of the time sought to come to terms† (211). If students wanted to complete research about him, they should not just read his work, they should immerse themselvesRead MoreEnvironmental Movements in the United States Essay1019 Words   |  5 Pagescourse of history, Americans have repeatedly confronted oppression, both foreign and national, through various wars and rights movements. Unfortunately, when it comes to environmental issues the average American has grown increasingly complacent. With a renewed urgency, government is working to combat global warming, but lacks the necessary social backing. This social support could be supplied through a new environmental movement that differs from past efforts. Throughout American history there haveRead More The Use of Symbols in Adrienne Richs Poem, Aunt Jennifers Tigers818 Words   |  4 Pagesan important value in the United States that most people are not willing to give up. Ralph Waldo Emerson, a writer who lived in the 1800s, reminded Americans of their rights of liberty at a time when many people started to conform to established norms. H e voiced his opinions about the loss of freedom and invited society to realize that they were relinquishing their rights. Years later, his views still had an impact on citizens. Adrienne Rich, a poet of the mid-1900s, also found her autonomy a necessity

The Handmaid s Tale, By Margaret Atwood And The Lord Of...

In both novels, The Handmaid’s Tale by Margaret Atwood and The Lord of The Flies by William Golding, the three protagonists strive in better comprehending how their current situations/environments and interactions have shaped them into the individuals they have become. In the Handmaid’s Tale, the protagonist, Offred struggles in expressing her ideas, views, and opinions especially in regards to feminism and gender equality. She must speak within imaginary boundaries and limits so that she avoids facing consequences for speaking out against the patriarchal white male Christian society. Her identity is shrouded by the â€Å"brainwashing† of women and through the rigidity and strict regime of this â€Å"oligarchy†. For example, in her society every person in the social hierarchy from unwomen all the way to the commander are defined and distinguished by the color they wear. Hence, the Commander wears black, the commander’s wife blue, the marthaâ₠¬â„¢s green, and the handmaid’s red.Furthermore, their speech is also limited in that they must answer with the same mundane â€Å"praise be† to everything spoken to them. In a way, Offred can viewed as a puppet for Gilead because she must act according to society. Society governs when she eats, how she dresses, when she gets to leave the house, when she can visit the doctor, when she can bathe and when she can have sex. Society wants women to have no opinions or ideas for themselves. However, Offred still tries to maintain her identity and senseShow MoreRelatedThomas More s Utopia?1464 Words   |  6 Pages7,1478 he was the son of John More, A well known Lawyer. When Thomas was little he went to St.Anthony s School in London. Thomas was a page in the household of John Marton . From then on Thomas More s went on to Oxford University. Around 1494 Thomas Dad took him to London to study in what was known as common law. In February 1496 , More was admitted into Lincol n s inn. In 1505 Thomas More s became a full on lawyer and by this time he managed to keep up with his literary and spiritual interest

Project Context Human Resource Management

Question: Discuss about theProject Contextfor Human Resource Management. Answer: Introduction I would like to be a HR manager in my future professional life. In the current course, I have learnt about the management of the international business. I have come to know that the management of the human resource in the international business is one of the most important and challenging jobs for the HR managers. In order to manage the human resource of the business organizations, the critical thinking power of the managers is very important. In my professional life, I want apply the critical thinking power for the management of the employees in the area of the international business management. Different aspects of the international business management have been studied by me in this academic course. These will help me to efficiently handle the responsibilities of an HR manager in the practical field. In order to be a professional HR manager in the future life, I need to know all the aspects of the employee management and the way of motivating them in the workplace. HR managers have strategic and functional responsibilities for all of the HR disciplines. An HR manager has the expertise of an HR generalist associated with the general business and management skills required for the concerned business organization (Morgeson et al. 2013). In order to manage the employees properly, the HR manager need to develop and use an efficient employee relations strategy. An efficient employee relations strategy contains specific steps for ensuring the overall well-being of employees (Alfes et al. 2013). It also ensures that employees have a safe working environment, free from discrimination and harassment. In this context, the management of the employees associated with the international business need be understood well for being an efficient HR manager. The HR managers create vital answers for meet workforce requests and work drive patterns. A business chief really directs the enrolment and determination forms; in any case, a HR director is fundamentally in charge of choices identified with corporate marking as it identifies with enlisting and holding capable workers. For instance, a human asset chief in a social insurance firm may utilize his or her insight about nursing deficiencies to build up a methodology for representative maintenance, or for keeping up the current staffing levels (Hau et al. 2013). The system may incorporate building up a motivating force program for medical attendants or furnishing medical caretakers with broadly educating so they can get to be distinctly affirmed in various claims to fame to end up distinctly more profitable to the association. While considering the international business HR manager, the motivation of the employees is very important for them (Jackson et al. 2014). An efficient HR manager should understand the requirements of the employees while thinking about the business needs of the corresponding business organization. The basic needs of the employees need to be considered with highest priority by the HR manager. In case of international workforce, the HR managers need to think about some additional benefits of the employees for motivating them in their work. The HR managers also need to focus in the area of the different culture of the subsidiaries of the organization as it plays a vital role in the employee motivation. References: Alfes, K., Shantz, A.D., Truss, C. and Soane, E.C., 2013. The link between perceived human resource management practices, engagement and employee behaviour: a moderated mediation model.The international journal of human resource management,24(2), pp.330-351. Buller, P.F. and McEvoy, G.M., 2012. Strategy, human resource management and performance: Sharpening line of sight.Human resource management review,22(1), pp.43-56. Hau, Y.S., Kim, B., Lee, H. and Kim, Y.G., 2013. The effects of individual motivations and social capital on employees tacit and explicit knowledge sharing intentions.International Journal of Information Management,33(2), pp.356-366. Jackson, S.E., Schuler, R.S. and Jiang, K., 2014. An aspirational framework for strategic human resource management.The Academy of Management Annals,8(1), pp.1-56. Morgeson, F.P., Aguinis, H., Waldman, D.A. and Siegel, D.S., 2013. Extending corporate social responsibility research to the human resource management and organizational behavior domains: A look to the future.Personnel Psychology,66(4), pp.805-824.

Multicultural Psychology Acceptable and Unacceptable Behaviours

Introduction Multicultural psychology is the systematic approach to all kinds of humanities that occur in a multicultural environmental background. This means that people from different backgrounds encounter each other thereby creating an environmental setting that results in composite human behaviour. The multicultural aspect has been perceived by psychologists worldwide as the fourth force in the study of psychology.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Multicultural Psychology: Acceptable and Unacceptable Behaviours specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Thus, it supplements such aspects as behaviourism and humanistic psychology. It is also worth noting that psychodynamic theories can be supplemented by the multicultural psychological aspects. Multicultural psychology concentrates on the differences in culture on the part of thoughts, accepted, and unacceptable behaviours. It is important to note that multicultu ral psychology does not only relate to the normal humanistic approaches but also focuses on the abnormal approaches. Brief History of Multicultural Psychology At various times in history, psychology has been defined as the study of the psyche or the mind of the spirit of consciousness. Recently, psychology has been described as the science of behaviour. The study of psychology is as old as the human species. Psychology can be understood to have began during the first studies of human cognitive experience such as those proposed by the early Greeks. The study also began during the attempts to account for dreams, mental illnesses and emotions, not forgetting fantasies. Many people have been engaged in developing the evolution of psychology. They include Plato and Aristotle who tried to account for such processes as memory, perception, and learning. Dating the age of psychology is very hard due to lack of past documentation. However, we can date the evolution of psychology thereby split ting this study to create multicultural psychology as one of the disciplines. However, to be precise, cultural psychology did not begin a long time ago. It was during the 1960s that it began. It then became prominent during the 1980s and 1990s.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Many texts have been written since then. Some of the prominent psychological texts include Sweder and Levine written in 1984 and the recent ones such as Nisbett which was written in 2001. Multicultural psychology is therefore not an old phenomenon in a historical perspective. Rationale for Establishment of Multicultural Psychology as a Sub Specialty of Psychology There are a number of reasons why multicultural psychology has been established as a sub specialty of psychology. Psychology can be viewed in a wider sense as the science of habits and the mind set. On the other hand, multicultural psychology i s the science of the mind and behaviours in an environment that has a mixed set of cultural backgrounds. In addition, psychology is further split into many other sub topics that include biological, clinical, cognitive, comparative development, and industrial-organizational aspects among many others. Social psychology also falls in this category. As a matter of fact, social psychology is closely related to multicultural psychology in the primary sense of relationships between groups and people. Multicultural Psychology and Social Psychology When people talk about social psychology, they imply to that kind of psychology that relates to people and groups. In a multicultural sense, social psychology takes a primary role in the sense that the interrelationship between the subjects is correlated. The two terms, that is, multicultural psychology and social psychology differ by a very small margin. This is because multicultural psychology deals with relationships in different cultural backg rounds while social psychology deals with the general relationships between groups and people (Friedman Schustack, 2009). It is pretty universal that people with particularly different personality traits may not co-work by virtue of contrasting interests in these characters. Nuclear qualities, personal dispositions, and cardinal dispositions in their personalities can be major factors which determine the workability of a certain combination of people and groups (Friedman Schustack, 2009). Thus, it is viable for people from the same backgrounds to work or relate together. This is because there will be fewer conflicts and chances of productivity within an organization or amongst a particular people will increase.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Multicultural Psychology: Acceptable and Unacceptable Behaviours specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Family Psychology and Cultural Diversity Culture just like fami ly has been recognized by many psychologists as an important context for understanding the individual. Cultural forces have an impact on the way in which family interacts in particular ways. It is important to understand the impact of the cultural forces on the family in order for one to know how to work with particular families. In a multicultural environment, common problems that are usually encountered are the adjustment of the thinking so that it corresponds with the cultural diversity. Modification of the understanding of the concept of embedness to include the influence of a culturally pluralistic environment on the family is therefore needed (Szapocnik Kurtines, 1993). Cultural diversity can have different effects on particular families. For instance, among certain immigrants in the United States, the culturally diverse environment results in the onset of dispute-laden intergenerational acculturation differences in which the parents develop different cultural alliances with the youths. This is the result of the study that was conducted by the American psychological association among the Americans and Hispanics (Szapocnik Kurtines, 1993). Culture is important especially on a contextual perspective because it serves to represent an aspect that aids in the comprehension of human behaviours in different environments. Formulation and implementation of family-oriented intervention to propagate multicultural skills in all family members is therefore a necessary undertaking within a society (Friedman Schustack, 2009). It is important to note that no two individuals or groups of people can possess exactly similar characteristics. In a multicultural setting, this factor is further enhanced because of the polarized ideologies that exist between the groups in question. Industrial and Organizational Psychology This is the study of how people function in the work places and in different organizations in relation to the environment. This study entails issues such a s behavioural approaches, perceptions, feelings and cognitions in the humanistic aspects. Industrial and organizational psychology is also known as I-O psychology.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Conclusion From the above discussion, it is easy to conclude by saying that multicultural psychology is the systematic approach of all kinds of humanities that occur in a multicultural environmental background. Multicultural psychology does not only relate to the normal humanistic approaches but also focuses on the abnormal approaches. Multicultural psychology is a modern ideology that began in the 1960s. Since then, it has continued to evolve thereby causing many texts to be written even until the twenty first century. It is easier for people or groups from the same backgrounds to work or relate together than those from different backgrounds. This is because there will be fewer conflicts and chances of productivity within an organization or amongst a particular people will increase Reference List Friedman, H., Schustack, M. (2009). Personality: Classic Theories and Modern Research, Ed. 4. Boston: Allyn Bacon. Szapocnik, J., Kurtines, W. (1993). Family Psychology and Cultural Div ersity: Opportunities for Theory, Research, and Application. New York: American psychological association, Inc. This research paper on Multicultural Psychology: Acceptable and Unacceptable Behaviours was written and submitted by user Jair H. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Symbolism And Plot

â€Å"Symbolism and Plot† Symbolism and plot are different from each other by definition; however, have a relationship towards each other when writing a story. If you understand the symbolism in a story, then you will absolutely understand the plot or the plan of events in a story. Symbolism is utilized as an enhancement tool to stress the plot of each story. Symbolism is used greatly in the short stories â€Å"Chrysanthemums† by John Steinbeck, and â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson; therefore, symbolism has a tendency to influence the plot in both short stories. The short stories both share the use of symbols, but the symbols are used to express different thoughts in ones mind while reading them. Many examples of symbolism are given to influence the plot in John Steinbeck’s short story, â€Å"The Chrysanthemums.† He uses the flowers to symbolize the main character’s thoughts and ideas. For example, Elisa Allen is a lonely woman who enjoys growing and nourishing her chrysanthemums. Since her husband is always working the cattle in their farm, she never has enough attention or any kind of affection. The result of this dispassionate marriage leads Steinbeck to describe his main character as, â€Å"Her face lean and strong and her eyes were as clear as water. Her figure looked blocked and heavy in her gardening costume, a man’s black hat pulled low down over her eyes, clod-hopper shoes, a figured print dress almost completely by a big corduroy apron with four big pockets to hold the snips, the trowel and scratcher, the seeds and the knife she worked with†(Parker, Shroyer 88). This neglect from her husband causes her to turn her chrysanthemum s, of which she is very proud. Her husband’s remark, â€Å"I wish you’d work out in the orchard and raise some apples that big† (89), shows how little interest he has for her chrysanthemums. Elisa does not feel appreciated by her husband and so she takes care of her chrysanthemums, whi... Free Essays on Symbolism And Plot Free Essays on Symbolism And Plot â€Å"Symbolism and Plot† Symbolism and plot are different from each other by definition; however, have a relationship towards each other when writing a story. If you understand the symbolism in a story, then you will absolutely understand the plot or the plan of events in a story. Symbolism is utilized as an enhancement tool to stress the plot of each story. Symbolism is used greatly in the short stories â€Å"Chrysanthemums† by John Steinbeck, and â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson; therefore, symbolism has a tendency to influence the plot in both short stories. The short stories both share the use of symbols, but the symbols are used to express different thoughts in ones mind while reading them. Many examples of symbolism are given to influence the plot in John Steinbeck’s short story, â€Å"The Chrysanthemums.† He uses the flowers to symbolize the main character’s thoughts and ideas. For example, Elisa Allen is a lonely woman who enjoys growing and nourishing her chrysanthemums. Since her husband is always working the cattle in their farm, she never has enough attention or any kind of affection. The result of this dispassionate marriage leads Steinbeck to describe his main character as, â€Å"Her face lean and strong and her eyes were as clear as water. Her figure looked blocked and heavy in her gardening costume, a man’s black hat pulled low down over her eyes, clod-hopper shoes, a figured print dress almost completely by a big corduroy apron with four big pockets to hold the snips, the trowel and scratcher, the seeds and the knife she worked with†(Parker, Shroyer 88). This neglect from her husband causes her to turn her chrysanthemum s, of which she is very proud. Her husband’s remark, â€Å"I wish you’d work out in the orchard and raise some apples that big† (89), shows how little interest he has for her chrysanthemums. Elisa does not feel appreciated by her husband and so she takes care of her chrysanthemums, whi...

Free sample - Childrens Health. translation missing

Childrens Health. Children's HealthAccording to the auther the reason of this study is because of the emerging potential toxity in humans. The investigation done is on how urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolities is related to childrens intellectual functioning. He has taken a comprehensive study of elementary children in five cities in south Korea by taking a cross-section examination on   the urine phthalate concentrations on both the children and their mothers.   The findings show that they measured  Ã‚   â€Å"mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP) and mono (2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP)† which are metabolies of â€Å" di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), and mono-nbutyl phthalate (MBP), a metabolite of dibutyl phthalate (DBP)† in the urine .   â€Å"The geometricmean (ln) concentrations of MEHP, MEOHP, and MBP were 21.3 ÃŽ ¼g/L [geometric SD (GSD) = 2.2 ÃŽ ¼g/L; range, 0.5-445.4], 18.0 ÃŽ ¼g/L (GSD = 2.4; range, 0.07-291.1), and 48.9 ÃŽ ¼g/L (GSD = 2.2; range, 2.1- 1645.5), respectively†. The chronological results show that the full scale IQ and verbal IQ were nagatively associated with DEHP but not   WITH DBP metabolities. The results of this finding   are very comprehensive as thay also show that there is a negative relationship between trhe children vocabulary use and the concentration of the urine. After an extensive marternal IQ controll the findings shw that a large inverse relationship between DEHP metabolities and the use of vocabulary also remained. There is a difference between boys and girls as boys show a negative association between increasing MEHP phthalate concentrations and the total sum of DEHP metabolite concentrations while girls   shown   had little or no association between these variables. Howevr the auther does not show clear evidence on the same and critical study in the field is highly required. In the methods of study the auther extensively talks of  Ã‚   a study conducted between april and october 2008 which was named â€Å" Effects of Pollution on Neurobehavioral Development and future Policies to Protect our children†. The study assessed different elements such as Lead, Mercury and manganese in the dlood as welll as neurocognitive functioning of children including attention and concentration together with   their general intelligence. So as to asses the childrens marternal IQ, their child developmental state, their mothers were also interviewed. The study was well formulated and carried out as mothers were   given quistionares which were to be filled on the details regarding the surrounding environment. The study had followed all the rules and regulations as it had been passed by â€Å"The Institutional Review Board of Seoul National University Hospital†.   Applications had been sent to elementary children and their mothers for them to participate i n the study and 667 children accompanied by their mothers turned in. While measuring childrens cognitive functioning, students were availed with a form,   â€Å"KEDI-WISC† which consisted   vocabularly, arithmetic, picture arrangement and block design tests. The form according to the auther is validated   with Korean children to use as a determiner of global estimates of intellectual functioning. Since the examiners in the study were not aware of the children IQ, they used   â€Å"Korean Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (K-WAIS) â€Å" to their mothers while they were measuring   martenal cognitive function. The tests on this included   pure arrangement, vocalbulary use and block design tests.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   On determining phthalate metabolites in urine   in the   study   â€Å"primary metabolite of dibutylphthalate, mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP), andtwo secondary metabolites of DEHP, mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP) and mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl)phthalate (MEOHP) were used†. Urine was collected using paper cups from   all the children who were subject to the study between nine and eleven in the morning. After collection, th urine was placed in containers   â€Å"(high-clarity polypropylene Falcon tubes)† and stored at –20 °C   untill the analyzation of the . Field blanks consisted of purified water. The are then brought to room temperature and vortexed after thawing.  Ã‚   Acritical and extensive of the methods used has been well shown in the study following all steps and explanation of the procedures. At all   this study has a critical and technical approach as it takes the   reader through all the steps used in the study. While doing the statistcal analysis the study, used t-tests of the students or â€Å"(ANOVAs)† for testing continues variables and the chisquare test for categorical mvariables. A comprehensive use of   linear regression analysis was used in the study to analyse the association between â€Å"urine phthalate (MEOHP,MEHP, and MBP) concentration and WISC IQ scores†. Since the distribution of the metabolite was skewed in the sample, log-transformed values were highly used. From the variables on the analysis carried out regression models have been built. Taking th IQ score as the primary dependent variable and the urine phthalate concentrations as the primary independent variables.   A set of covariates based on the predicators childrens cognitive functioning helped to perform the regression analysis.   After this study models have been improved on the developmental socioeconomic and IQ variables. The study however does not give us clear evidence on the martenal IQ as it present models with and without   the Martenal IQ. In the study all analysis were considered important. The study in their results analyzing the relationship between environmental exposure to phthalates and children’s IQ scores show that there is a negative association between IQ and urine phthalates in humans. The study is of great significance comparing it with other studies that have been done since its the first to show the above results. It is there true to say that a child’s IQ may be affected by genetic, educational, familial and social factors.however these results may contrast with any   observed association between the line of study and the income. To help readers nunderstand this , this study tried to determine whether â€Å"phthalates were inversely associated with children’scognition independent of potential confounders†. Before the study could adjust for martenal IQ, it found inverse relationships between â€Å"MEHP, MEOHP, and the sum of secondarymetabolites for DEHP and the children’sFSIQ, VIQ, and vocabulary and block design Scores † also vocabulary score was negatively associated with MBP. This study found that maternal IQ is one of the cofounders of children’s IQ. The study also found that adjusting for a confounder that has a stronger effect than the valuable of interest can most of the time lead to underratings in the true effect of this variable. Control for maternal IQ according to the study had a great impact on the effect size of the alliance between phthalates and IQ. It may act as a confounder especially if the maternal IQ and the level of phthalates in children   have a link to each other. It is noted that MIQ might have had an influence on the childrens environmental exposure to the substances which were to be seen on th level of phthalate metabolites.  Ã‚   All in all MIQ have effects on the children IQ, therefore affecting affecting the association between child IQ and phthalate level however the study revealed that after MIQ, MEHP, MEOHP, and the sum of secondary metabolites of DEHP had been adjusted there were inverse relationships with children’s vocabulary scores. We cannot at whtsoever means say that this study provided enough evidence of a definative association between phthalates with children’s IQ indipendent of MIQ because there could be a residual confounding of matarnal IQ. The study shows that children are of special concern regarding phthalate exposure due to their neurodevelopmental state. Also if they are subjected to neurotoxic agents, there is likelyhood that they will suffer due to critical periods of vulnerability for their developing nerves. Even after birth, Neurotoxic agents could disrupt the temporal and regional emergence of critical Developmental processes. Even if this study has most of advantages, it has some disadvantages. Atleast 16 phthalene metabolites in urine can be measured but in this study only three were measured which were limited to the specifications of the study. They measured three based on availability of standard , childrens likely exposure, and technical experience of the analysis. They only used one measurement, which may not have same results as when they would have in examining the level and severity of chronic exposure. Judging from a single spot-urine measurement could have given wrong answers, as it may not reflect long term-exposure since Phthalates are rapidly metabolized and excreted. However, on phthalate measurements over time according to other different studies, there is moderate consistency. The study assumes that when multiple experiments are consistent, then a single measurement reflects a typical measurement. Another limitation is that the study did not show results of maternal levels of exposure. Also the maternal IQ had a large effect size on the associations making it not possible to tell whether the quality of the home environment and stimulation provided in the home could be   potential confounders. This article is a succes as it gives the readers a clear picture of what was carried out , the mode of study, the evidence used, materials and methods. Many of the readers would get   the objectives of the writer and accesit according to his or her expectations. However, the study has been based on many assumptions making the reader to doubt its results. I would recommend that as you read this article it is critical that you have your objective of the findings and the discussion made by the writer keeping in mind that   it has its own advantages and disadvantages.